CPA means Certified Public Accountant and this is a designation, which is offered to eligible accountants who clear the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination conducted by the United States. Along with this, the accountants must also posses the required state educational qualification and experience. The CPA license provided to the candidates, who clear this exam, protects the general public from inefficient accountants who perform substandard work. The first law of accountancy was passed the year 1896 by the New York state law, in order to test the credentials of the accountants. After this law was passed accounting evolved as a profession and was tagged with the licensing requirements and this profession followed with some professional ethics and certain working standards.
Many states followed this lead and ultimately fifty-four jurisdictions accepted the public law accounting legislation. The licensing authority solely lies in the hands of the Board of Accountancy as well as for compliance with the state laws. Most of the accountants practicing in the US hold the CPA license and those practicing without it are prohibited. As a result in most of the cases the CPA certification was not allowed to be used outside the state until professionally licensed or certified by that particular state.
How to become a CPA in United States?
To become a CPA in the United States you have to take and clear the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants sets the examination rules and the National Association of State Board of Accountancy administers this test. Individual boards have their own eligibility criteria for the Uniform Public Accountant Examination. A candidate with a Bachelors degree in accounting along with an additional one-year study is eligible to take up this exam.
Certified Public Accountants work in various financial areas such as:
. Audit, assurance and information integrity
. Forensic accounting like detecting, preventing and investigating frauds related to finance
. Planning and analyzing all the financial status
. Venture Capital
. Information technology
. Plans and prepares taxes
. Corporate governance
Due to frequent fluctuation in the nature of work, it is very essential for a CPA to keep abreast with all the latest developments in the accountancy field, even if the changes are very small or the old or new laws amended to reflect changes. Any ignorance is this matter is not appreciated. CPAs should also be aware of the various tasks including the finance, taxation, planning and the advisory rules. So in order to create a benchmark for yourself, it is necessary to opt for ongoing educational courses.
There are various educational institutions including some non-profitable sectors that offer ongoing professional courses for the CPAs. In many states a professional CPA licensure is required to take professional education regularly to keep him or her updated. A CPA is generally required to take some time off from his busy schedule so that he can take up new courses. These continuous educational updating courses can also take the form of conferences as well as seminars. These are generally headed by professional or by popular speakers who share their experiences, knowledge as well as skills.
Saturday, June 30, 2012
Thursday, June 28, 2012
Where To Go For Best Cemap Training?
If you wish to opt for a career as a mortgage advisor or a mortgage agent and succeed in it, it is necessary that you acquire CeMAP training. The easiest and swift way to get your CeMAP qualification, without much hassle, is to attend some CeMAP training courses.
There are numerous CeMAP training companies and they impart CeMAP training by conducting personal classroom courses or by means of home study/distance learning or through online coaching. You can certainly choose from among the many different types of CeMAP training as per your preference and convenience. Different CeMAP training companies offer one or all the training options. But it is essential to uncompromisingly choose the right CeMAP training company.
Though many CeMAP training companies are available, many of them may not offer effective CeMAP training due to lack of suitably qualified and experienced trainers. Hence, it is important that you choose the most reliable and best CeMAP training company that has been in the business for long, offers high quality CeMAP training and has a sound track record with good student pass percentage.
Only some seasoned and dedicated CeMAP training companies can provide the best quality CeMAP training at affordable price and with guaranteed success. There are a few leading CeMAP training companies that offer expert tuition, provide IFS school of finance course materials with carefully prepared revision materials including test papers and conduct simulated CeMAP exams.
Once you have chosen the best CeMAP training company, you can attend regular coaching classes of the training company or choose home study if you have any difficulty in attending the regular classes. There are intensive CeMAP training courses for those eager to obtain CeMAP qualification quickly. In this computer age, you can also come across many online training sites for CeMAP course.
In present day fast-paced environment, many prefer online CeMAP training as it is both convenient and cost effective. But you should carefully choose a reliable online training company if you prefer to go online. Remember that online CeMAP training or distance learning/home study will take long time to complete the course as you will have to be self-disciplined and be without the constant supervision/guidance of a teacher.
If you think it will be difficult for you to grasp the CeMAP course without the personal guidance of a trainer, regular CeMAP training classes with one-to-one CeMAP training will obviously be the best option for you. You can benefit from the direct teachings of expert trainers sitting in front of you to instantly solve your doubts. But if you do not have time to personally attend training center or if you want to undergo CeMAP training at your own pace, the CeMAP Home Study is the ideal choice.
Once you have mastered the CeMAP course subjects with the help of a reputed and reliable CeMAP training company, you can comfortably pass the CeMAP exams conducted on a regular basis throughout the year. Once you acquire the CeMAP qualification, you can become a qualified professional mortgage advisor and either opt for employment or set up your own independent practice in the mortgage field. It has to be acknowledged that there is a persistent demand for CeMAP trained professionals and almost all the CeMAP trained professionals are successful be it in employment or personal practice.
There are numerous CeMAP training companies and they impart CeMAP training by conducting personal classroom courses or by means of home study/distance learning or through online coaching. You can certainly choose from among the many different types of CeMAP training as per your preference and convenience. Different CeMAP training companies offer one or all the training options. But it is essential to uncompromisingly choose the right CeMAP training company.
Though many CeMAP training companies are available, many of them may not offer effective CeMAP training due to lack of suitably qualified and experienced trainers. Hence, it is important that you choose the most reliable and best CeMAP training company that has been in the business for long, offers high quality CeMAP training and has a sound track record with good student pass percentage.
Only some seasoned and dedicated CeMAP training companies can provide the best quality CeMAP training at affordable price and with guaranteed success. There are a few leading CeMAP training companies that offer expert tuition, provide IFS school of finance course materials with carefully prepared revision materials including test papers and conduct simulated CeMAP exams.
Once you have chosen the best CeMAP training company, you can attend regular coaching classes of the training company or choose home study if you have any difficulty in attending the regular classes. There are intensive CeMAP training courses for those eager to obtain CeMAP qualification quickly. In this computer age, you can also come across many online training sites for CeMAP course.
In present day fast-paced environment, many prefer online CeMAP training as it is both convenient and cost effective. But you should carefully choose a reliable online training company if you prefer to go online. Remember that online CeMAP training or distance learning/home study will take long time to complete the course as you will have to be self-disciplined and be without the constant supervision/guidance of a teacher.
If you think it will be difficult for you to grasp the CeMAP course without the personal guidance of a trainer, regular CeMAP training classes with one-to-one CeMAP training will obviously be the best option for you. You can benefit from the direct teachings of expert trainers sitting in front of you to instantly solve your doubts. But if you do not have time to personally attend training center or if you want to undergo CeMAP training at your own pace, the CeMAP Home Study is the ideal choice.
Once you have mastered the CeMAP course subjects with the help of a reputed and reliable CeMAP training company, you can comfortably pass the CeMAP exams conducted on a regular basis throughout the year. Once you acquire the CeMAP qualification, you can become a qualified professional mortgage advisor and either opt for employment or set up your own independent practice in the mortgage field. It has to be acknowledged that there is a persistent demand for CeMAP trained professionals and almost all the CeMAP trained professionals are successful be it in employment or personal practice.
With Home Prices Falling Should You Still Consider a Home Equity Loan
Until the recent great recession, a home equity loan was a reliable way for homeowners to access the cash potential of their home. A homeowner with good credit and available home equity could take out a second mortgage or a home equity line of credit, use the money to pay for a major household expense, and then pay back the money over time.
All loans involve risk, but the risk generally centered around the borrower's job prospects or personal health. With real estate values constantly rising, until 2008 few borrowers or lenders would have imagined that a significant risk to the home equity loan market would be declining home values. But home equity loans depend upon stable or rising home values. What do you do when the value of your home is falling? Should you consider a home equity loan in the current poor real estate market?
Declining Home Values
According to a recent survey by Reuters/University of Michigan, a record number of U.S. homeowners believe their homes have depreciated in value. For the month of February 2009, 64% of surveyed homeowners reported declines in the value of their homes. In contrast, the February 2008 survey reported that 35% of homeowners surveyed thought their homes had lost value. In February 2007 the figure was just three percent.
Did anyone's house increase in value? In February of 2009 only nine percent believed the value of their home had increased, which is the lowest recorded number in nearly two decades.
There has been a corresponding drop in the number of new mortgage loans including refinancing loans. According to the Mortgage Bankers Association weekly index of mortgage applications, during the last week of June 2009, U.S. mortgage applications dropped to a seven-month low. The number of home refinancing loans fell 30 percent.
A Case Study of a Home Equity Loan
What does this mean in reality? Let's say you bought your house in 2001 for 0,000. You put ,000 down and took out a 30-year, 7% fixed-rate mortgage for 0,000.
After paying your mortgage for eight years, in 2009 your loan balance is 2,000. If your home were appraised at its 2001 value of 0,000, the equity you now have in your home would be the appraised value minus the principal or loan balance, or ,000.
That's the part that you "own." It's what you can use as collateral for a home equity loaneither a second mortgage or a home equity line of credit. But how much could you borrow? The key is the loan-to-value ratio (LTV). Before the current recession, some homeowners could get a loan for 125% of their home's value. That is, if they owned their home outright and the home was appraised at 0,000, they could borrow up to 2,500 against it. But the industry has tightened up, and today the limit is 100%, and more often 80% of value. Some FHA loans offer cash up to 95%.
The LTV that your bank is willing to offer you will depend upon not only your home's value, but your credit rating and your income.
All loans involve risk, but the risk generally centered around the borrower's job prospects or personal health. With real estate values constantly rising, until 2008 few borrowers or lenders would have imagined that a significant risk to the home equity loan market would be declining home values. But home equity loans depend upon stable or rising home values. What do you do when the value of your home is falling? Should you consider a home equity loan in the current poor real estate market?
Declining Home Values
According to a recent survey by Reuters/University of Michigan, a record number of U.S. homeowners believe their homes have depreciated in value. For the month of February 2009, 64% of surveyed homeowners reported declines in the value of their homes. In contrast, the February 2008 survey reported that 35% of homeowners surveyed thought their homes had lost value. In February 2007 the figure was just three percent.
Did anyone's house increase in value? In February of 2009 only nine percent believed the value of their home had increased, which is the lowest recorded number in nearly two decades.
There has been a corresponding drop in the number of new mortgage loans including refinancing loans. According to the Mortgage Bankers Association weekly index of mortgage applications, during the last week of June 2009, U.S. mortgage applications dropped to a seven-month low. The number of home refinancing loans fell 30 percent.
A Case Study of a Home Equity Loan
What does this mean in reality? Let's say you bought your house in 2001 for 0,000. You put ,000 down and took out a 30-year, 7% fixed-rate mortgage for 0,000.
After paying your mortgage for eight years, in 2009 your loan balance is 2,000. If your home were appraised at its 2001 value of 0,000, the equity you now have in your home would be the appraised value minus the principal or loan balance, or ,000.
That's the part that you "own." It's what you can use as collateral for a home equity loaneither a second mortgage or a home equity line of credit. But how much could you borrow? The key is the loan-to-value ratio (LTV). Before the current recession, some homeowners could get a loan for 125% of their home's value. That is, if they owned their home outright and the home was appraised at 0,000, they could borrow up to 2,500 against it. But the industry has tightened up, and today the limit is 100%, and more often 80% of value. Some FHA loans offer cash up to 95%.
The LTV that your bank is willing to offer you will depend upon not only your home's value, but your credit rating and your income.
Tuesday, June 26, 2012
Common Mistakes In Faking Doctors Work Excuse Letter
Mistakes in faking doctor's work excuse letters are not something you can afford to make. Your doctor's note should perfectly resembles a true doctor's note. The repercussion can be suspension or worst, termination. Stay away from being caught with your fake doctor's note by avoiding these common mistakes:
1) Incomplete details
A doctor's work excuse letter should provide complete information for your employers. It should contain a way for your employers to validate the legitimacy of the note. Your note should indicate the doctor's name, address, telephone number, and other contact information. Also, it should provide details about your diagnosis, date of absence, and date of consultation. Don't forget to indicate your name in your fake doctor's note.
2) Using doctor's notes frequently
To avoid suspicion, you should rarely use a fake doctor's excuse letter. Don't abuse your employers with a fake doctor's note. To be on the safe side, don't present a doctor's note for every time that you are absent for work.
3) Not covering your tracks
Don't assume that your employer will not check into your doctor's note. Although, not all employers validate the authenticity of a doctor's note, it is still best to prepare for the worst. Also, if you purchased a doctor's note using a credit card, then you should have been wise enough not to charge it with your company's credit card. It is better to use someone's credit card than your own.
Faking a doctor's work excuse can be a simple solution as an excuse for your absence. You should avoid the mistakes above at all cost. You need to carefully plan if you chose to use a fake doctor's excuse for work.
1) Incomplete details
A doctor's work excuse letter should provide complete information for your employers. It should contain a way for your employers to validate the legitimacy of the note. Your note should indicate the doctor's name, address, telephone number, and other contact information. Also, it should provide details about your diagnosis, date of absence, and date of consultation. Don't forget to indicate your name in your fake doctor's note.
2) Using doctor's notes frequently
To avoid suspicion, you should rarely use a fake doctor's excuse letter. Don't abuse your employers with a fake doctor's note. To be on the safe side, don't present a doctor's note for every time that you are absent for work.
3) Not covering your tracks
Don't assume that your employer will not check into your doctor's note. Although, not all employers validate the authenticity of a doctor's note, it is still best to prepare for the worst. Also, if you purchased a doctor's note using a credit card, then you should have been wise enough not to charge it with your company's credit card. It is better to use someone's credit card than your own.
Faking a doctor's work excuse can be a simple solution as an excuse for your absence. You should avoid the mistakes above at all cost. You need to carefully plan if you chose to use a fake doctor's excuse for work.
Understanding The Ins And Outs Of A Coffee Franchise
Owning a coffee franchise can be a very rewarding experience, but before you sign on the dotted line and start serving hot cups of 'joe', there's certain things you need to know so you can make the right decision. If you go into buying a coffee franchise blindly, you could end up making a very costly mistake.
First things first, get a reality check. You should know going in what kind of money you have to put towards a coffee franchise, you should understand your strengths and weaknesses in running a business and be very honest with yourself about how much time you're willing to spend in your business. If you do this, you'll be way ahead of the curve. Don't jump into any decision. Take your time, consult with franchise experts and do your due diligence.
The attractive thing about owning a coffee franchise is the cash flow and profit margin. People are drinking coffee today like it's going out of style and they are happily paying upwards of per cup. The real cost of the coffee is under $ .25. The profit margins with coffee are HUGE! On the contrary, only making a few bucks per cup isn't going to get you a mansion in Beverly Hills. A Coffee franchise is 100% a volume business. You have to crank out thousands of cups per month to see any real income. Some of the most successful coffee franchises have drive-thrus which can make up to 70% of the revenues.
The real secret of a coffee franchise is NOT the coffee, but the atmosphere. People can get coffee anywhere, but they come to these shops because of the social element. They come to hang out, conduct business, surf the web, relax, read a book, whatever. That's why so many coffee franchises have the relaxing and mellow look and feel to them.
However, there are things about a coffee franchise that aren't so fun from the very start. First, the high start-up costs can be huge. Not only will you have to pay a hefty franchise fee, but then you have to get a location, you'll have to get equipment, you'll have inventory to get, fixed costs, variable costs, employee wages and on and on. The costs can be high. Don't forget about the royalty fees that are based on gross revenues, not net profits.
Now even if you are financially capable of buying the coffee franchise, that won't matter because there are more pre-qualifiers you must meet. You're going to need a considerable net worth, a good credit history but the real challenge is that you have to get approval to buy the franchise. If they don't like you, they won't sell you a franchise.
First things first, get a reality check. You should know going in what kind of money you have to put towards a coffee franchise, you should understand your strengths and weaknesses in running a business and be very honest with yourself about how much time you're willing to spend in your business. If you do this, you'll be way ahead of the curve. Don't jump into any decision. Take your time, consult with franchise experts and do your due diligence.
The attractive thing about owning a coffee franchise is the cash flow and profit margin. People are drinking coffee today like it's going out of style and they are happily paying upwards of per cup. The real cost of the coffee is under $ .25. The profit margins with coffee are HUGE! On the contrary, only making a few bucks per cup isn't going to get you a mansion in Beverly Hills. A Coffee franchise is 100% a volume business. You have to crank out thousands of cups per month to see any real income. Some of the most successful coffee franchises have drive-thrus which can make up to 70% of the revenues.
The real secret of a coffee franchise is NOT the coffee, but the atmosphere. People can get coffee anywhere, but they come to these shops because of the social element. They come to hang out, conduct business, surf the web, relax, read a book, whatever. That's why so many coffee franchises have the relaxing and mellow look and feel to them.
However, there are things about a coffee franchise that aren't so fun from the very start. First, the high start-up costs can be huge. Not only will you have to pay a hefty franchise fee, but then you have to get a location, you'll have to get equipment, you'll have inventory to get, fixed costs, variable costs, employee wages and on and on. The costs can be high. Don't forget about the royalty fees that are based on gross revenues, not net profits.
Now even if you are financially capable of buying the coffee franchise, that won't matter because there are more pre-qualifiers you must meet. You're going to need a considerable net worth, a good credit history but the real challenge is that you have to get approval to buy the franchise. If they don't like you, they won't sell you a franchise.
Monday, June 25, 2012
Pc Game Supply Safe
Gamers have found that some of the most exciting gaming opportunities are now occurring online. When you play online, you have the opportunity to enter a new community of other gamers.This is great for giving your life a little spice. You can communicate with people whom you never would have met otherwise.You can also develop your gaming skills by learning from new people. In order to get the most out of online gaming, however,you need to be sure that you are getting the best deals on game codes and game cards.This is where PC Game Supply safe comes in.
We say PC Game Supply safe because this is an online gaming website that believes first and foremost in safety.In other words, you never have to worry about breaches of security when it comes to dealing with this website.You will want to know first of all about the Akamai infrastructure.This is the most secure infrastructure on the market.Any credit card or other payment information you enter will be kept completely safe.You will also be happy to learn that you will be called on the telephone before your order is finalized.This is not to hassle you. It's to make sure that they got your order right.
Many online gamers benefit from the PC Game Supply safe infrastructure,but you also shouldn't forget about the services.If you need a game code,the process is easy,timely, and convenient.First, you need to enter your basic payment information. Make sure that you choose the proper game card code. You will find that there are cards for different websites,game systems,and individual games. You will then have to wait for the phone call.This will happen quickly.Once the customer service representative from PC Game Supply has confirmed your data,you will be ready to get your code online within 30 minutes.
There are many online game websites out there,but the PC Game Supply safe infrastructure and convenient ordering process make it the best on the market.In order to take advantage of these great deals, you will want to learn about the various products right away.You will find that you can choose from a number of game codes.You will also find that you have the ability to download games right from the website.Finally,if you have any doubts at all,make sure that you check the customer reviews.There will be plenty of information about the convenience and security of the process.
We say PC Game Supply safe because this is an online gaming website that believes first and foremost in safety.In other words, you never have to worry about breaches of security when it comes to dealing with this website.You will want to know first of all about the Akamai infrastructure.This is the most secure infrastructure on the market.Any credit card or other payment information you enter will be kept completely safe.You will also be happy to learn that you will be called on the telephone before your order is finalized.This is not to hassle you. It's to make sure that they got your order right.
Many online gamers benefit from the PC Game Supply safe infrastructure,but you also shouldn't forget about the services.If you need a game code,the process is easy,timely, and convenient.First, you need to enter your basic payment information. Make sure that you choose the proper game card code. You will find that there are cards for different websites,game systems,and individual games. You will then have to wait for the phone call.This will happen quickly.Once the customer service representative from PC Game Supply has confirmed your data,you will be ready to get your code online within 30 minutes.
There are many online game websites out there,but the PC Game Supply safe infrastructure and convenient ordering process make it the best on the market.In order to take advantage of these great deals, you will want to learn about the various products right away.You will find that you can choose from a number of game codes.You will also find that you have the ability to download games right from the website.Finally,if you have any doubts at all,make sure that you check the customer reviews.There will be plenty of information about the convenience and security of the process.
Sunday, June 24, 2012
Bank Identification Number
Recent times have seen the improvement in technology in the banking sector. One of the technologies that has been developed is the use of the bank identification number. It contains 4 to 9 digits found on the credit cards or debit cards. The use of this banking identification number is to identify the institution issuing institution of the card. The use of this bank identification number is not limited to bank use only as some of t6he companies such as the American express are also using this technology. The BIN network in recent times has gained a lot of popularity from many issuers.
In many organizations across the globe, the term issuer identification number is the same as the banking identification number. There is always the need of to be updated regularly to keep track of the information that is necessary in combating many credit card fraud. With the bank identification number it is very easy for one to determine the country of origin and the name of the bank that issued the credit card to make sure that if the any information is required one can access is it with ease. With the bank identification number, you can determine the type of the card such as the credit, debit, prepaid, charge or the secured cards. In many cases, it is also easy for an organization to determine the subtype such as the classic, electron or business cards. Validity of the card is also established be it is a visa, master card or the American express. The bank identification also has additional information which include the city, chip availability and telephone numbers. With using the bin identification number various advantages are realized, these include:
It can be easily customized to meet ones business needs. With the number you can be able to limit the number of counties that you deem to pose a great risk in fraud cases.
It can also be used to charge different fees for different types of credit cards. This is a common feature why credit cards are used outside your country.
Most business people rely mostly on the business credit cards or the personal credit cards. They are involved in day to day transaction both online and offline. Care is therefore to be taken on these transactions. Traders are advised to use the bank identification number database services that allow them to confirm transactions securely without being concerned about frauds and scams. For BIN to be effective and fully utilized it should be user friendly. It is important that the professional handled bank identification database services is installed.
When installing the BIN database service it is important that you do not take any chances, it has to be accurate. Regular updates are important to monitor the new merchant and banks setting up retailers and bank that might be under receivership. Bank identification numbers database are made to ensure that they accurate in spelling therefore increasing the search quality. Bank identification number (BIN) has provided the most comprehensive and complete systems that have reduced fraud attempts and reduce chargebacks.
In many organizations across the globe, the term issuer identification number is the same as the banking identification number. There is always the need of to be updated regularly to keep track of the information that is necessary in combating many credit card fraud. With the bank identification number it is very easy for one to determine the country of origin and the name of the bank that issued the credit card to make sure that if the any information is required one can access is it with ease. With the bank identification number, you can determine the type of the card such as the credit, debit, prepaid, charge or the secured cards. In many cases, it is also easy for an organization to determine the subtype such as the classic, electron or business cards. Validity of the card is also established be it is a visa, master card or the American express. The bank identification also has additional information which include the city, chip availability and telephone numbers. With using the bin identification number various advantages are realized, these include:
It can be easily customized to meet ones business needs. With the number you can be able to limit the number of counties that you deem to pose a great risk in fraud cases.
It can also be used to charge different fees for different types of credit cards. This is a common feature why credit cards are used outside your country.
Most business people rely mostly on the business credit cards or the personal credit cards. They are involved in day to day transaction both online and offline. Care is therefore to be taken on these transactions. Traders are advised to use the bank identification number database services that allow them to confirm transactions securely without being concerned about frauds and scams. For BIN to be effective and fully utilized it should be user friendly. It is important that the professional handled bank identification database services is installed.
When installing the BIN database service it is important that you do not take any chances, it has to be accurate. Regular updates are important to monitor the new merchant and banks setting up retailers and bank that might be under receivership. Bank identification numbers database are made to ensure that they accurate in spelling therefore increasing the search quality. Bank identification number (BIN) has provided the most comprehensive and complete systems that have reduced fraud attempts and reduce chargebacks.
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